This is to make sure there are enough households to be able to make reliable generalisations. You can read more about combining multiple years of data and some of the issues involved. See Download the data for:. Data withheld because a small sample size makes it unreliable. English Housing Survey to Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government.
Information published in the headline report and other annual reports is based on a single year rather than 2 years' data. As a result, the figures shown here may not match those in the English Housing Survey reports. This file contains the following: ethnicity, ethnicity type, year, geography, age group, NS-SEC socio-economic group , income, region, value, denominator, numerator and sample size -- Please note, the overall percentage of people owning their own home differs when other variables are included in the analysis.
This is because there were different response rates for questions about age, income, regions and socio-economic status NS-SEC. This has resulted in 4 different percentages, sample sizes etc.
Publication release date: 4 February Can we store analytics cookies on your device? Yes No How we use cookies. Ethnicity facts and figures homepage Home Housing. Renting from a private landlord Published 4 February Last updated 1 March - see all updates.
We welcome your views on the content and format of this article. Please contact us using the email address hpi ons. In February , we will be holding a Housing user event. While the exact timings and content for the event are to be agreed, the event will include presentations on this article and other recently published official statistics which relate to housing. To add your details to the distribution list, which will be sent out at a later date confirming the details, please contact hpi ons.
While this article focuses on the private rented sector PRS , it is useful to understand what other statistics are currently available, not only for the PRS but also the wider housing system. The decentralised nature of the UK housing system means that different organisations produce various statistics about different aspects of housing. To assist users, a cross-government housings statistics group was formed to help improve the coherence and accessibility of statistics in this area, recently publishing a guide to UK housing and planning statistics XLSX, The guide, which will be reviewed and updated on a frequent basis, provides an overview of the statistics currently produced across the housing system classified as either contributing to the demand, stock or supply side of housing.
In addition to this, users may be interested in the experimental UK housing and planning statistics framework JPG, KB , which is intended to conceptually illustrate the areas of housing and planning that may be of interest across the UK official statistics landscape. Both the guide and the framework will be subject to further development. However, in their current form they should provide users with a better understanding of the statistics which are produced.
One area where departments and devolved administrations are collaborating is to improve the coherence of housing statistics. This article on the private rented sector is part of this aim as published in the workplan PDF, This section focuses on those living in the private rented sector.
Each country also publishes a separate breakdown based on their own housing surveys. There is also information provided for some nations through their surveys that is not available on other nation's surveys. For example, English and Scottish surveys ask health-related questions, but this is not available from the Northern Ireland surveys. How the HRP is defined varies across surveys. In the FRS it is defined as the highest income householder. Pre, the head of household referred specifically to the male member of a cohabiting household.
This contrasts with the percentage of owner occupiers, which has seen a decline over the same period. When considering absolute changes in households by tenure it is important to note that the total number of households in the UK has increased by 1.
The number of households living in the private rented sector in the UK increased from 2. Over this period, the number of owner occupier households remained broadly consistent at However, households owned outright increased from 7. The number of social rented households decreased by , households to 4.
It should be noted when comparing with figures that APS data from to is weighted with population estimates, while to data are weighted with population estimates. Younger households are more likely to rent privately, with those in the 25 to 34 years age group representing the largest group Figure 2.
Figure 2: Private renting sector by age of household reference person, and , UK Source: Annual Population Survey, requested table, Office for National Statistics Download this chart Figure 2: Private renting sector by age of household reference person, and , UK Image. For households without children, the largest percentage increase has been for households comprised of one male adult.
The proportion of private rented sector households has doubled since FYE and the overall size of the private rented sector has increased from 2. However, growth has slowed in more recent years.
In FYE , household reference persons HRP in the private rented sector in England were, on average, younger than social renters and owner occupiers, with a mean age of 40 years compared with 52 years for social renters and 57 years for owner occupiers. Whilst this is broadly unchanged over the past ten years, the distribution of the sector across age bands has shifted English Housing Survey. There were more than three times as many to year-olds renting privately in FYE than 20 years ago: an increase from , households in FYE to 1.
HRPs in the private rented sector appear to be the most diverse in terms of ethnicity and nationality, compared with HRPs living in other tenures. The number of private renters in work has roughly doubled since FYE However, the number of households in the private rented sector has also increased over this period. Throughout this time, the increase in part-time workers is greater than for those in full-time employment.
The English Housing Survey EHS also collects data by national statistics socio-economic classification, allowing analysis by occupation. Figure 5: Age of highest income householders in the private rented sector, and , Scotland Source: Scottish Household Survey, Scottish Government Download this chart Figure 5: Age of highest income householders in the private rented sector, and , Scotland Image. Adults in the private sector are more ethnically diverse compared with adults in other tenures.
There has been a large increase in the number of full time employed adults who are living in the private rented sector, with the number of full time employed adults increasing by an estimated , people between and , from 70, to , adults.
A fifth of private renters are students, in comparison to a twentieth across all tenures. There has also been an increase in the number of adults in further or higher education who are living in the private rented sector, rising by an estimated 90, people between and The , children living in the sector in is an increase of , on the 40, children living in the sector in Estimates from the Annual Population survey are used due to its sample being larger than the Family Resource Survey for Wales.
The National Survey for Wales finds that the proportion of households in the private rented sector has decreased for those aged under 45 years between FYE and FYE , with the biggest percentage point fall in the 16 to 24 years age group Figure 7.
In , the highest number of households in the private rented sector was in the age band 25 to 34 years 57, , followed by 35 to 44 years 36, , while the lowest was 75 years and over 8, According to the APS, in the private rented sector in NI stood at 76,, while the social rented sector was at ,, those buying with a mortgage at ,, and those who owned outright at , In , the private rented sector had almost doubled to ,, the social rented sector had increased only slightly to ,, those buying with a mortgage had decreased substantially to , and those who owned outright had increased to , These data are collected from the HRP.
References to private rented sector HRPs in the survey also include those in tied dwellings. The HRP is defined as the owner or rent payer of the property, or highest earner where ownership or tenancy is joint.
Similar to the other countries of the UK, the age distribution of private renters in NI skews towards the young. It must be noted, though, that the 17 to 24 year age group consisted of small numbers and so caution should be applied when interpreting these proportions. Private renters are most common in the aged under 40 years categories, whereas owner occupiers are more frequent in the aged above 40 years categories. Figure 8: Age of household reference person in private rented sector compared to all tenures, , Northern Ireland Source: Northern Ireland House Condition Survey, Northern Ireland Housing Executive Download this chart Figure 8: Age of household reference person in private rented sector compared to all tenures, , Northern Ireland Image.
In this categorisation, not working refers to job seekers as well as those who are not seeking a job and students. The low proportion of retired households reflects the low representation of older age bands in the sector. Looking at household compositions, the survey splits households into three categories: adult households, households with children and older households. Most of this increase occurred between and Affordability is an important issue facing households. A more detailed focus on affordability across all tenures will be explored in a future article.
Data from the Family Resources Survey is used for comparisons across countries. Other national surveys are used within each country chapter to provide further details for each country, however these are not all fully comparable across nations.
As a simple measure, we can consider the growth in private rental prices relative to the growth in earnings over the same period. It is the lead measure for short-term earnings growth. While the IPHRP does measure inflation of private rental prices, average weekly earnings are not available with a split by tenure and therefore may not accurately reflect changes to earnings for those living in the private rented sector.
In addition, average weekly earnings figures do not take into account income from other sources, including pensions or benefits. A fairer comparison might be to consider rent relative to income for households in the private rented sector using a consistent data source such as a household survey. In interpreting survey data over time users should be aware that no adjustment is made for the quality of housing that these housing costs are associated with.
For example, changes in the average size of properties or number of rooms over time are not adjusted for. Pooled samples across three years of data have been used to improve statistical reliability. Net income is defined here as the total income received including housing benefit payments by the household excluding taxes such as income tax and council tax. Housing costs include rent gross of Housing Benefit, as well as water rates and service charges where applicable.
This pattern has not changed much over the last ten years Figure This likely reflects those in England having higher housing costs. It is important to note that Wales has a smaller sample size and therefore greater margin of error than the other two countries, so this difference in ratios may not be statistically significant. Figure 11 shows the downward trend in this affordability ratio as income increases; housing costs are a lot more affordable for those on higher incomes.
Separate earnings-based rental affordability statistics are also available within Housing summary measures analysis: , publishing England and Wales estimates down to a local authority level. Household income-based measures of affordability, as presented here, are more comprehensive but are not available for lower geographies at present.
Another element of affordability is financial support received. Housing Benefit is available to support eligible low-income households with the cost of renting their home. The benefit can cover the whole cost of rent or part of it, depending on income, circumstances, and other factors such as the type of landlord and local housing allowance rates. As of , all new benefit claimants in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland will have to apply for Universal Credit, while existing claimants with no changes in circumstances will not be asked to switch over until at least It will eventually replace Housing Benefit, income support, income-related employment and support allowance, income-based jobseeker's allowance, child tax credits, and working tax credit.
Some Universal Credit claimants will receive the housing element, which will provide help with rent costs. The percentage of dwellings receiving housing benefit has decreased for Scotland between and , with Wales decreasing since and England showing a broad decrease over this period. At the end of , the total number of private renting housing benefit claimants in England was 1.
This decreased in for England to 1. Over this period the number of households and dwellings in the private rented sector also grew for all countries of the UK. The trend from onwards could be impacted by the introduction of UC and claimants switching from housing benefit to UC, along with new benefits claimants now claiming UC.
Figure Housing Benefit claimants as a percentage of dwellings by country for private rented sector, countries of Great Britain Source: Calculation based on Department for Work and Pensions housing benefit claim estimates and Ministry of Housing, Communities, and Local Government dwelling stock estimates Notes: The decrease from onwards could be due to the introduction of Universal Credit UC and claimants switching from housing benefit to UC, along with new benefit claimants now claiming UC.
These figures exclude those receiving the housing element of UC. Download this chart Figure Housing Benefit claimants as a percentage of dwellings by country for private rented sector, countries of Great Britain Image. Growth in private rental property rental prices in London has historically been above the rest of England but has slowed in recent years Figure Figure 16 shows the distribution in more detail. The reason survey data such as the EHS differ from DWP data is that surveys ask questions of the household reference person and in so doing might miss other household members in receipt of benefits.
Figure Percentage of private renters with or without savings by age of household reference person, financial year ending , England Source: English Housing Survey, Ministry of Housing, Communities, and Local Government Download this chart Figure Percentage of private renters with or without savings by age of household reference person, financial year ending , England Image.
The proportion of household income including housing benefit that households in the private rented sector spent on their rent has remained relatively constant since FYE , whilst the proportion for those owning with a mortgage dropped after FYE This is likely to be have been due to lower mortgage interest rates in more recent years. Figure Median ratio of housing costs to net unequalised household income for the period FYE to FYE across tenures, Scotland Source: Family Resources Survey, Department for Work and Pensions Notes: Net income is defined here as the total income received including housing benefit payments by the households excluding taxes such as Income Tax and Council Tax.
Private rental growth in Scotland weakened since mid but has started to strengthen again since Figure Figure 21 shows the distribution of net household annual income across tenures, from the Scottish Household Survey SHS Download this chart Figure Household income bands by tenure, , Scotland Image.
Figure 22 shows the median ratio of housing costs as a proportion of net household income over the period FYE to FYE for each tenure category. The similar relative housing expenses between the privately rented sector and social households is likely to reflect those in the private rented sector having higher average rental costs but also having higher average income levels than those in social housing.
Figure Median ratio housing costs to net unequivalised household income, FYE to FYE , by tenure, Wales Source: Family Resources Survey, Department for Work and Pensions Notes: Net income is defined here as the total income received including housing benefit payments by the households excluding taxes such as income tax and council tax.
The latest Private sector rents data from the Welsh Government are from Private rental growth in Wales has historically been below the rent of Great Britain but has strengthened in recent years Figure Over the full year, average rents rose by 4. Private rental growth in Northern Ireland has historically been weaker than the UK but has strengthened since the end of Northern Ireland annual growth is only available from January More owner occupiers were in the higher income bands, with social housing tenants showing the opposite trend.
See Figure 26 for a further breakdown by income band. NI Housing Rights published a research briefing on affordability in the private rented sector in PDF, KB , which demonstrated that low income households are motivated to rent privately due to location, less segregation, availability of fully furnished properties, and social housing stigma. This represents approximately 53, households in and around 57, in This section focuses on the time spent living in the private rented sector and the flows between the private rented sector, owner-occupied sector and social housing sector.
Differences in survey design and context may affect comparability. Households in the private rented sector in England and Scotland remained in their accommodation for an average mean of four years, compared to an average of five years for Wales and Northern Ireland. Private renters have lived at their current address for an average mean of 3.
This has fallen from five years ago where nearly one-third had lived at their current address for less than a year. The average length of residence for tenants at their current address in the private rented sector differs according to age. Younger people aged 16 to 24 years have stayed in their current residence for a shorter amount of time, an average of 9. Older people aged 75 years and over on the other hand are more likely to have lived at their current private rented accommodation for an average of 17 years Figure There is greater churn within the private rented sector that is, moving from one privately rented home to another than between sectors Figure Movement from owner-occupied housing to the private rented sector has been gradually decreasing over the past 10 years, falling from , households in to Adults in households in the private rented sector spent the shortest time at their current address with an average mean of three years, which compares with 16 years for owner occupiers and 11 years for the social rented sector.
The average length of time at current address for adults in private rented households shows a slight decrease between and , however this is likely to reflect the change in the composition of the sector in terms of the growth in the number of properties in urban areas; households that generally have shorter lengths of stay on average compared with properties in small towns or rural areas.
The average length of stay for adults living in private rented households in urban areas has been relatively steady between and , with averages of two years being seen for most years. A tenth had been on a housing list for more than 10 years.
The condition and quality of dwellings are covered within national housing condition surveys. Housing standards are not assessed in the same way across the four countries and so many measures are not directly comparable. However, it is possible to compare some characteristics such as age, dwelling type, energy efficiency rating band and hazards to an extent. Some national standards which differ are summarised below;. Dwelling condition is examined using housing quality indicators such as the Decent Homes Standard DHS and evaluating damp and disrepair.
For a home to be classed as decent according to the DHS it must meet the statutory minimum standard for housing, provide a reasonable degree of thermal comfort related to effective insulation and heating efficiency , be in a reasonable state of repair fails if one or more key building components need replacing , and have reasonably modern facilities and services based on factors such as age of kitchen, bathroom and so on.
Scotland — the tolerable standard is a minimum standard for habitability introduced in the Housing Scotland Act, and later updated. The definition of tolerable includes characteristics such as the dwelling being structurally stable and free from damp, and having provision for lighting, ventilation and heating, electrical installations that are adequate and safe, and satisfactory insulation.
Private landlords are also required to comply with The Repairing Standard , whereby the property: must be wind and water-tight and fit for people to live in; structure and exterior must be in a reasonable state of repair and proper working order; installations for water, gas, electricity, sanitation, space heating and heating water must be in a reasonable state of repair and proper working order; furnishings provided by landlord must be capable of being used safely for their designated purpose; must have a satisfactory fire detection and warning in the event of a fire; and must have satisfactory provision for giving warning if carbon monoxide is present in a concentration hazardous to health.
The Repairing Standard has a degree of overlap with elements that are required under the tolerable standard. This is set to rise to 5. It commissioned a YouGov survey of more than 10, tenants and spoke to 26 major investors.
The report says that while at least three-quarters of UK renters are living in homes owned by private landlords, they will increasingly rent from large-scale corporate landlords such as City firms and property companies. The proportion of households living in the private rented sector has doubled over the last decade, as rising house prices coupled with stagnating wages have put the dream of owning a home out of reach for many, especially the young. However, renting families, along with to year-old soloists and couples and retired people over 65, tend to spend more than half their incomes on rent.
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